Firearm



Sept. 28 1926.

2 Sheets-Sheet Al FIREARM M M L., A

c. G. swEBlLlus Filed May 2o, 1'920 C. G. SWEBILIUS Sept. 2s, 1926.

FIREARM Filed May 2o, 1920 ets-Sheet 2 W Patented Sept. 28,1926.

HAVEN, eoNNncrrcU'r, Assiettes.. :er amsNi-i As- CARL G. SWEBILEUS, GFNSTWj sieNiaENrs, To Tire MARLIN Fresenius' conro'iaa'rioN, or' NEWHAVEN, 00N-- NaoTicUT, A Conroe-Arron" er nenni/Vanni FIREARM.

Application ledM-ay 20', 1920. Serial No. 383,016.

rihis invention relates to iirearins of the automatic typeand'pertains-more particularly to firing-control'mechanisms for'suchguns.

The subject matter of. this application is disclosed partly in myapplication Serial No. 272,846, tiled January 24, 1919, and `partly inmy application-Serial No. 297.201, tiled May 15, 1919, but claimed inneither.

In certain types oi' automatic iirearms the' forward movement ofi thebreech mechanism is' effective to chamber a cartridge and explode thesame immediately thereafter. In this type of guns the breech mechanismis usually retained in the rear aortion of the receiver by a Sear orlthe lilre'which is moved from its retaining position-to release thebreechV mechanism by a manually-operated trigger. Vi'tis to guns of thischaracter that myinvention is particularly applicable.

In such-guns as these', more especially if they'are intended' 'for usein warfare, it is desirabletoprovide means for controlling theconditions ofiring thereof wherebyv the H gun may'l be operatedautomatically` or semiautomatically or maybe loclredagainst. op'-eration. To accomplish this I. have arranged a pivotally-mounted Searlin the receiver, which sear is adapted to' engage the breech mechanismwhen it is in the rear por'- tion of the receiver'i andto retain it insuch position. Operatively associated` with the Sear is aspring-pressed' reciprocativelymounted. trigger. l trigger and the searis a spring which normally maintains Athe Sear in position to engage thebreech mechanism. andsear are. provided with coacting means wherebymovement-:of the trigger' in Yone direction a 'predetermined distance iseffective. to move' the Searv out of breech-mecha.- nism-engagingposition, and=further movement'of the trigger in the same directionallows the searto resume its normal-position. Furthermore', thearrangement of said means is such during thereturn of the trigger to itsoriginal position after the searv has been oscillated, the sear remainsinits norm-al position. In connection witlithe trigger areprovided'meansregulating"the path of reciprocation of the trigger; Thismeans may be set to llock the trigger in its normal position, mayv beset to allowonly suiiicient movement ofthe trigger to move .the searInterposed between" the Lm' 1 The n iggei long` as pressure is exertedvon the trigger,-

a I u u f b the searyis maintained out of` position to engagethe breechmechanism-the third arrangement provides for single-shot tir-ing sincet-he trigger must be released andthenagain pulled before the sear can beagain disengaged trom the breechV mechanism.' The regulating means is soarranged that the change from volley-liring position tosingle-shotposition and vice versamay be easily made, but said meanscannot be ac-V cidentally moved intosaiety position, although the changefrom'satety'position to either of the other two positions may be readilymade. n

Referring now to the di'awings,` I

F ig. l isI a longitudinal section througl the receiverwith-tlieelements `of the'gun in cocked position, part of the elements being inelevation;

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 ot F 1';

Sis a section on line 3 3 ot'Fig. 1;

F ig. i is a view similari to'Fig'. 1l of a modiii'cation Fig. 5 is asection on line 5 510i Figx;

F ig. 6 is a fragmentary inverted plan v iew, partly broken away,o'f-said modification; Y

Fig. 7 is a viewv showing `the firing control-'adjustment of saidmodilied torn.

In the receiver 1 is reciprocatively mou-nted the breech bolt 2 which isoperatively connected to the rear end Set the action slide 3a. rl`heybottom portion oi' the action slide is provided with a shoulder 4 whichis adapted to be engaged'by the scar 5 to retain the breech mechanismatl the rearend of the receiver when theI gun isv extending into the rib9 is a groove 11, the

. rocatively Vmounted in the groove 11 Vand directly below the-scar 5,is the` trigger 16k having at its forward end the head 17 extending downinto .the well 12, vthe upper front portion of the head being reducedsufficiently to extend between the legs 15 of thewsear 5, and having atits rear end the linger piece 18 extending into the cut-out Vedge of theslide.

portion 10 of the rib 9. Carried by the sear.

5 is a wire spring18zL whiclrbears against the trigger 16 and serves tonormallyhold the rear end of the searin positionto engage the shoulder41 on therear end yof the :action slide, the Contact ofthe -legs415 withthe shoulder 13 preventing the engagement of the front ends of thetriggerf16 and sear 5.

On the under Ysurface of the front end of.

the sear isa projection having the face 19 oblique to the surface of thescar and the face 20 perpendicular thereto. This projection ispreferably formed by cutting two transverse notches in the. undersurface of the scar. In the head 17 is a recess in which is pivotallymounted a dog 21, an obliquel faced portion 22 of which projects abovethe upper surface of the trigger 16 sufliciently to be in alinementwiththe projection on the scar. This Vdog is normally held in the positionshownrin Fig. 1 by the spring 23, but may be rotated rearwardly so thatthe dog is wholly within the socket. The trigger is normally held in itsforward posi-r tion by means of the stud 24 seated in the aperture 25 atthe rear end of the groove 11, which stud bears against the spring 26seated in the socket 27, in the rear end of the trigger. Extendingthrough the walls of the well 12 is a transverse elliptical cut in whichis reciprocatively mounted a slide 28 having in its forward edge arecess 29, the

inner portion of which is of suflicient width to receive the reducedinner end of the head 17 of the trigger, and the walls of which recessare cut awav to provide the shoulders 30 and 31 at different distancesfrom the bottom thereof.` On the rear edge of the slide are cut thenotchesY 32, 33 and 311, the adjacent walls of the notches 32 and 33being oblique to the edge ofthe slide, while the wall of the notch 33adjacent the notch 34 is approximatelyperpendicular tothe edge of theslide, and the wall of the notch 34 adjacent the notch 33 is oblique tothe Reciprocatively mounted in the well 12 below the slide 28 and thehead 17 is a semicircular rod 35 which ex.A

tends through a bore in the front portion of the rib 9. The forward endof this rodk is provided with a cylindrical head. 36 and carries at itsrear end a projection '37, theV edge of which is adapted to engage inany of the notches 32, 33 and 311. One of the faces of this projectionis oblique and the other perpendicular tothe edge of the slide 28.

The rod 35 is normally held with the edge of the projection 37 inengagement with the slide 28 by the spring 38.

To lock the gun in safety-the rod 35 is I pushed rearwardly and theslide 28 is moved to bring the shoulder 31 in position to be engaged bythe head 17of the trigger. This shoulder is so arranged on the sli-deastoV prevent appreciable movement ofthe trigger. To set the gun forsingle-shot firing the slide is moved to bring the'narrow porl tion ofthe recess 29 in alinement with the Y head 17. TheV trigger may nowbedrawn back the full limit of its throw.

During the first vpart of the rearward movement of the trigger theContact of the oblique faces 19 and 22 of the Sear 5V` and A dogV 21respectively lifts the front end of the sear and disengages the rear endthereof from theL shoulder 11, thereby allowing they breech mechanism tomove forward .and fire the gun. Further rearwardl movement of thetrigger disengages the dog from the projection on the scar and allowsthe sear to l i return to normal position under the influence of thespring 18 to be ready to engage the shoulder-4 when the breech mechanismis returned to the rear of the receiver. A re lease of the pressure onthe trigger will novi1 allow it to return to its original position un-Ader the influence of the spring 26. During the return movement vof the,trigger the dog, when its perpendicular face contacts with the face 20,rotates about its axis into its recess until the trigger reaches itsforward position when the dog is free to resume its normali positionunder thev influence of the spring 23. Since the time which is consumedduring a reciprocation of the breech mechanism is only'a very smallfraction of a second, the sear is againf engaged with the shoulder afterbeing tripped before it is possible for the trigger to be returned toits normal position. Thef'act that a completel reciprocation of thetrigger is necessaryfor each tripping of the sear resultsin'the vtiringof only a-singlek shot for each pull of the trigger. Thegun may be setfor automatic firing by moving the slide 28 to bringrthe shoulder 30into position to engage the head' 17 This shoulder is so arranged `ontheslide that the trigger Vcan be moved rearwardly only enough to lift theforward end of the scar but not enough to allow the sear to resumenormal position. Thus' a pull on Leong@ma the. trigger disengages` thesear from the shoulder 4 and maintains it out ofiy shoulderengagingposition so long as pressure is exerted on thc trigger. This allows thebreech mechanism to reciprocate uninterruptedly. under the influenceofjthe force exerted by` lthe explosion and the action spring.

rllhe slide 23 is maintained in any one of its three positions bythe-engagement'of the projection 37 in one of the notches 3Q, 33 and 34.Thewarrangement of the oblique and perpendicular faces of the notchesand the projection 37 is such that the slide 28 can be movedfrom safetyvposition to singleshot or automatic-ring positions or from single-shotpositionvtoI automatic-firing position, and vice versa merely bypressing the slidein the proper direction but to move the slideinto,safety position the rod 35- must first be pushed rearwardly. Thisfeature is ofimportance if the gun is to be used in warfare. Thenotchesv andprojection-may, however, be soformedthat it will benecessary to-push baclr the 'rod 35 to change the untilits rear end isflush with the rear wall of the groove lLafter which the trigger may heremoved from the groove. The rod 35 is then pushed rearwardly7 'againstthe action of the spring 3S sufficiently to allow the slide 23 to beremoved, after which the rod itself may be withdrawn through the bore.

In the modification disclosed in Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive, the forward endof the sear 5 is forked to provide the arms 41 between which extends apin 42 which is adapted to be engaged by the dog 2l. Cut in the bottomof the well l2 is a curved slot, through which extends a pin 43 carriedby the resilient lever 44 pivotally mounted on the rib 9, which pin risadapted to assumevr any of the three positions indicated in dotted linesin Fig. 6. On the end of `the lever 44 is a stud 45 which is adapted toseat in any of the sockets 46 on the rib 9 to hold the lever 44 with thepin 43 in any of the three aforementioned positions. On the bottom ofthe head 17 are the two lugs 47 and 48 of different lengths which arespaced from each other and which are adapted to engage the pin 43. v Tolocli the gun in safety the lever' 44 is arranged with the pin 43 inposition to be engaged by the longer lug 4'4", thus preventing movementof the trigger. For single-shot firing the lever 44 is positioned withthe pin 43 clear of either lug. This allows the trigger to be drawn backits full limit, which movement is effective to disengage the sear andthen allow it to return to normal position. To set the gun for automaticring the pin 43 is located in position to be engaged by the lug 48; TheAtrigger is then capable-of move-l ment only enough to disengage the seanand, not enough to allow it t returntonormal position until the pressureon the trigger-isl released,`thus allowing free and continued'reciprocation'p of the breech mechanism.

ciprocationy along pathsubstantially parallel to said sear, coactingmeans on said sear and trigger whereby reciprocation-L of; said triggeros'cillates said sear, and a spring!` interposed between said sear andtrigger.

2. In a firearm, a reciprocativelymountt ed` trigger, a sear pivotallymounted; adjacent said trigger; and?y substantiallyl coeX tensivetherewith, means fori-'normally maintaining said sear andtriggenin`substantially parallelrelationzto eaclr other,.coacting means on saidtrigger and sear whereby the sear is first moved from and then allowedto return to its normal position upon the continuous movement of thetrigger from its normal position to the opposite end of its path ofreciprocation, and adjustable means for limiting the reciprocation ofthe trigger.

3. In a firearm, a reciprocatively-mounted trigger, a sear pivotallymounted adjacent said trigger and substantially coextensive therewith,means for normally maintaining said sear and trigger in substantiallyparellel relation to each other, coacting means on said trigger and searwhereby the sear is first moved from and then allowed to return to itsnormal position upon the continuous movement of the trigger from itsnormal position tothe opposite end of its path of reciprocation, and isleft undisturbed upon the return of the trigger to its normal position,and adjustable means for limiting the reciprocation of the trigger.

4. In an automatic gun, a firing-control unit comprising a. plate, asear pivotally mounted therein, a trigger mounted in said plate forreciprocation only, and means carried by said plate for regulating thesliding movement of said trigger.

'5. In a firearm, a pivotally mounted sear, arms at one end of saidsear, a pin connecting said arms, a sliding trigger located adjacentsaid sear, and a cam surface on'said trigger to engage said pin.

6. In a firearm, a pivotally mounted sear,

arms'at one end of the Sear, a pin connecting said arms, a slidingtrigger located' adjacent said Sear, a'dog pivotally mounted on saidtrigger, and a cam surface on said dog to engage said pin.

7. In a firearm, a pivotally mounted Sear, arms at one end of said sear,a'rpin connecting said arms, a sliding triggerlocated adjacent saidsear, a dog pivotally mounted on said trigger, a cam surface on thetrigger adapted to engage said pin, andv means to regulate the movementof said trigger.

8. In a firearm, a. pivotally mounted Sear, a trigger slidablyassociated therewith, means on the trigger to operate the sear, lugs onthe trigger, and a pivoted lever having a pin adapted to engage saidlugs.

9. In a. firearm, a pivotally mounted sear, arms at one end of saidsear, a pin connecting these arms, a sliding trigger located below saidsear, a dog pivotally mounted ony said trigger, a cam surface on saiddog to engagesaid pin, lugs on the trigger, a pivoted lever, and meansthereon to engage said lugs. Y l

10. In a firearm,apivotally mounted Sear, arms at one end of the Sear, apin connecting thesearms, a sliding trigger located below the sear, adog pivotally mounted on the trigger, resilient means to normally holdthe dog in one position, a cam surface on the dog to engage said pin,lugs on the trigger, a pivoted lever, and means thereon to engage saidlugs.V

1l. In a firearm, areciprocatively mounted' trigger, a. plurality Voflugs thereon, a piv-V oted lever, and means thereon for engaging saidlugs.

l2. In a firearm, a trigger, a sear, a yield` ing pawl on said triggeradapted tolengage said sear, a pivoted member, and means on said triggerand pivoted member for vary- Y` ing the extent of movement of thetrigger.

13. In a firearm, a trigger, va sear, a yielding pawl on said triggeradapted to engage said, sear, a pivoted member, and means on saidtrigger and pivoted member for varying the stroke of the trigger. Y

lll. In a firearm, a trigger, a sear, a yieldsaid sear, a pivotedmember, and a plurality of projections on said trigger and pivotedmember adapted to engage each other to vary the stroke of said trigger.

15. In a firearm, a trigger, a sear, a yieldHV ing paWl on said triggeradapted to engage I

